Núcleo de segurança do paciente: o caminho das pedras em um hospital geral / Núcleo de seguridad del paciente: el camino de los obstáculos en un hospital general / Patient safety nucleus: the pathway in a general hospital

Resumo OBJETIVO Descrever a experiência da implantação do núcleo de segurança do paciente e as estratégias desenvolvidas para garantir uma assistência mais segura. MÉTODO Relato de experiência da implantação do núcleo e das estratégias para segurança do paciente em um hospital no sul do Brasil, de 2009 a 2017. RESULTADOS A preocupação com a segurança do paciente foi oficializada em 2009 com a criação um serviço específico para gerenciamento dos riscos assistenciais e em 2015 foi nomeado o núcleo de segurança do paciente. Oito estratégias foram implantadas visando disseminar a política de segurança do paciente. CONCLUSÃO Foi observado um avanço na melhoria dos processos relacionados a segurança do paciente na instituição. Apoio da alta direção e engajamento das lideranças foram fundamentais nesta caminhada.

Resumen OBJETIVO Describir la experiencia de la implantación del núcleo de seguridad del paciente y las estrategias desarrolladas para garantizar una asistencia más segura. MÉTODO Relato de experiencia de la implantación del núcleo y de las estrategias para la seguridad del paciente en un hospital en el sur de Brasil, en el período de 2009 a 2017. RESULTADOS La preocupación por la seguridad del paciente fue oficializada en 2009 con la creación de un servicio específico para la gestión de los riesgos asistenciales, y en 2015 se nombró el núcleo de seguridad del paciente. Se implantaron ocho estrategias para diseminar la política de seguridad del paciente. CONCLUSIÓN Se observó un avance en la mejora de los procesos relacionados con la seguridad del paciente en la institución. El apoyo de la alta dirección y el compromiso de los líderes fueron fundamentales en este trayecto.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe the experience of implementing the patient safety nucleus and the strategies developed to ensure safer care. METHOD Experience report on the implementation of the nucleus and strategies for patient safety in a hospital in the south of Brazil, from 2009 to 2017. RESULTS The concern with patient safety was made official in 2009 with the creation of a specific service for risk management and in 2015 it was named the patient safety nucleus. Eight strategies were implemented in order to disseminate the patient safety policy. CONCLUSION An improvement was observed in the processes related to patient safety in the institution. Top management support and leadership engagement were key to this journey.

Centro de material e esterilização: reconfiguração da assistência indireta de enfermagem em um hospital geral (2002 a 2007) / Material and sterilization center: reconfiguration of indirect nursing care in a general hospital

O serviço de esterilização de materiais hospitalares no Brasil foi realizado historicamente no mesmo espaço social do centro cirúrgico. Porém, os avanços tecnológicos dos instrumentais e a crescente complexidade dos procedimentos cirúrgicos implicaram na evolução das técnicas de esterilização dos materiais, o que culminou na centralização do Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) e na concomitante reconfiguração da assistência indireta de enfermagem. Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a reconfiguração da assistência indireta de enfermagem durante a centralização do setor de esterilização no Hospital Santa Teresa (HST), um hospital geral da rede privada do município de Petrópolis, Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivos: descrever as circunstâncias que determinaram a centralização do CME no HST; analisar as estratégias empreendidas pela equipe de enfermagem que participou da centralização do CME para a reconfiguração da assistência indireta de enfermagem; Discutir os ganhos simbólicos com a centralização do CME para a assistência indireta da enfermagem, para o HST e para a sociedade. Metodologia: estudo histórico-social, de abordagem qualitativa, na perspectiva da História do Tempo Presente. As fontes históricas foram: primárias escritas: atas de reunião, Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) e material de treinamento da equipe de enfermagem; primárias orais: depoimentos temáticos com a participação de oito profissionais; secundárias: livros, dissertações, teses e artigos científicos. Os resultados desse estudo evidenciaram que, antes da centralização do CME, os profissionais de enfermagem dividiam suas práticas entre os cuidados diretos e indiretos no setor de esterilização conjugado ao centro cirúrgico, evidenciando a não exclusividade, sobrecarga de trabalho e prevalência dos cuidados diretos sobre os indiretos. Havia pouca valorização/visibilidade do serviço de esterilização, o qual era considerado desqualificatório para os profissionais que o exerciam. Não havia rotina para dimensionamento de pessoal e eram realizadas práticas que comprometiam o controle efetivo de infecção hospitalar. A partir do cumpra-se legislativo que determinava a centralização do serviço de esterilização, teve início o processo de centralização do serviço de esterilização, que passou a contar com rotinas previstas para o CME a ser centralizado, redimensionamento de pessoal com escalas e a reconfiguração da assistência indireta, que se tornou exclusiva, mais sistematizada e com mais controle sobre os processos de trabalho. Novos profissionais foram contratados para atuar na esterilização e os envolvidos passaram a adquirir novos capitais científicos por meio de educação continuada especialização, treinamento, educação permanente e/ou capacitação. Novas tecnologias foram agregadas ao serviço, inclusive após a efetiva centralização do CME. Conclui-se que as estratégias adotadas pela equipe de enfermagem para reconfigurar a assistência indireta resultaram em ganhos simbólicos para a enfermagem com redução do estresse laboral, maior satisfação no trabalho, autonomia, reconhecimento e valorização profissional; para o HST, que passou a dispor de maior eficácia no controle de infecções hospitalares e gestão financeira relacionada aos insumos mais eficiente; e para a sociedade, que se beneficiou com serviços mais qualificados e seguros prestados pelo hospital.

The hospital materials sterilization service in Brazil was carried out historically in the same social space of the surgical center. However, the technological advances of the instruments and the increasing complexity of the surgical procedures implied in the evolution of the techniques of material sterilization, which culminated in the centralization of the Central Sterile Services Department (CSSD) and the concomitant reconfiguration of the indirect nursing care. This study object is the reconfiguration of indirect nursing care during the centralization of the sterilization sector in Hospital Santa Teresa (HST), a private general hospital of the municipality of Petrópolis, Mountain Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Objectives: to describe the circumstances that led to the centralization of the CSSD in HST; to analyze the strategies implemented by the nursing team that participated in the centralization of the CSSD for the reconfiguration of the indirect nursing care; discuss the symbolic gains with the centralization of the CSSD for the indirect assistance of nursing, the HST and the society. Methodology: historical-social study, qualitative approach, from the perspective of the History of Present Time. The historical sources were: written primaries: meeting minutes, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and training material of the nursing team; oral primary: thematic statements with the participation of eight professionals; books, dissertations, thesis and scientific articles. The results of this study showed that, prior to the centralization of CSSD, nursing professionals divided their practices between direct and indirect care in the sterilization sector combined with the surgical center, evidencing non-exclusivity, work overload and prevalence of direct care over the indirect. There was little appreciation / visibility of the sterilization service, which was considered disqualifying for the professionals who carried it out. There was no routine for staff sizing and practices performed undermined the effective control of hospital infection. From the legislative resolution that established the centralization of the sterilization service, the process of centralization of this sector began, with routines planned for the CSSD, staff rescaling with scales and the reconfiguration of the indirect assistance, which has become exclusive, more systematized and with more control over work processes. New professionals were hired to perform sterilization, and those involved began to acquire new scientific capital through specialization, training, permanent education and / or training. New technologies were added to the service, even after the effective centralization of the CME. It was concluded that the strategies adopted by the nursing team to reconfigure indirect care resulted in symbolic gains for nursing with reduction of work stress, greater job satisfaction, autonomy, recognition and professional valorization; for HST, which has become more effective in the control of hospital infections and more efficient in financial management of inputs; and to society, which has benefited from more qualified and safe services provided by the hospital.

Hospital waste: can we reduce the environmental impact of a large university hospital?

Introduction: As technology advances, society must reflect on the destination of materials which are no longer needed. Hospital waste requires special attention due to the associated risk of disease transmission and biological accidents. Also, it tends to increase proportionally to the economic development and is associated with increased use of disposable material. The purpose of this study is to analyze the management of hospital waste at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the measures adopted by the institution to mitigate the impact of its waste on the environment. Methods: Observational study with field research. Hospital waste management is divided into generation, disposal, storage and final destination. Results: Between 2010 and 2015, the HCPA produced 21.4 tons of biological and sharps waste, 23,000 liters of chemical waste and 113,9 tons of solid waste per month. The main improvements include the implementation of a inspection of the hospital's waste bins every 2 months, a reduction from 29.42% to 2.79% in the rate of inappropriate disposal of hazardous waste, a 313% increase in investments in staff training, the expansion and adaptation of external areas for temporary storage of hospital waste and the collection of more than 1 ton of waste generated by the local community (sharps, X-ray films, kitchen oil, batteries), as well as the establishment of contracts which will guarantee the appropriate treatment of all types of health care waste. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that mitigating the impact of hospital waste on the environment is possible and should encourage the adoption of similar measures at other institutions (AU)

Recent Trends in Clinically Significant Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates at a Korean General Hospital

Lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represents an increasing proportion of all mycobacterial diseases. We investigated recent occurrences of NTM and evaluated the clinical significance of NTM isolates from 752 respiratory specimens collected from patients at National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital between January 2007 and May 2011. Specimens were incubated on solid and liquid media (BACTEC MGIT 960, BD, USA) for 6-8 weeks, and PCR and reverse blot hybridization were performed (REBA Myco-ID, Molecules & Diagnostics, Korea). Clinical features of the patients were reviewed through medical records. The most frequently isolated organism was Mycobacterium avium (46.7%), followed by M. intracellulare (14.8%), M. fortuitum (7.2%), and M. abscessus (6.6%). The most common mycobacteria among definitive cases of NTM lung disease were M. avium (42/351, 12.0%), M. intracellulare (19/111, 17.1%), M. abscessus (11/50, 22.0%), M. massiliense (4/13, 30.8%), and M. fortuitum (4/54, 7.4%). Clinically significant cases of NTM lung disease increased from 4 patients in 2007 to 32 in 2011. The mean patient age was 64 yr (range: 35-88 yr), and 58 (64%) patients were women. Patients suffered from cough, productive sputum, and hemoptysis. In summary, the most common mycobacteria causing NTM lung disease were M. avium and M. intracellulare; however, cases of M. massiliense and M. abscessus infection are on the rise in Korea.

effect of service quality on patient loyalty: a study of private hospitals in Tehran, Iran

Service quality is perceived as an important factor for developing patient's loyalty. The aim of this study was to determine the hospital service quality from the patients' viewpoints and the relative importance of quality dimensions in predicting the patient's loyalty. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010.The study sample was composed of 943 patients selected from eight private general hospitals in Tehran. The survey instrument was a questionnaire included 24 items about the service quality and 3 items about the patient's loyalty. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to extracting the dimensions of service quality. Also, regression analysis was performed to determining the relative importance of the service quality dimensions in predicting the patient's loyalty. The mean score of service quality and patient's loyalty was 3.99 and 4.16 out of 5, respectively. About 29% of the loyalty variance was explained by the service quality dimensions. Four quality dimensions [Costing, Process Quality, Interaction Quality and Environment Quality] were found to be key determinants of the patient's loyalty in the private hospitals of Tehran. The patients' experience in relation to the private hospitals' services has strong impact on the outcome variables like willingness to return to the same hospital and reuse its services or recommend them to others. The relationship between the service quality and patient's loyalty proves the strategic importance of improving the service quality for dragging and retaining patients and expanding the market share

O apoio institucional como método de análise-intervenção no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde: a experiência em um hospital geral / Institutional support as a method of analysis-intervention in the context of public health policies: the experience in a general hospital

O artigo aborda a construção de um método de análise/intervenção no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde, que se delineia de forma articulada aos princípios da Política Nacional de Humanização do SUS em um hospital geral. Apresenta o apoio institucional como um método que se expressa num modo de fazer que persegue a criação de grupalidade, a análise dos processos de trabalho e envolve a problematização dos modos de gestão. A Política Nacional de Humanização aposta na produção da saúde que implica em produção dos sujeitos. A produção da saúde é um processo em rede que envolve sujeitos, processos de trabalho, saberes e poderes. O desafio do apoio é fomentar nessa rede o exercício do protagonismo dos sujeitos e convocar o potencial criativo próprio da vida para a construção de novos modos de gerir o trabalho que não sejam novas formas de assujeitamento. O estudo pretende mostrar que por meio do apoio institucional é possível colocar em cena as forças implicadas na produção de saúde e com isso convocar os grupos a uma análise de suas implicações. Os efeitos produzidos indicam que esta é uma estratégia potente para a intervenção dos processos de trabalho no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde.

The article addresses the elaboration of a method for analysis/intervention in the sphere of public health policies. It describes the introduction of the National Humanization Policy of the Unified Health System (SUS) in a general hospital. It proposes institutional support expressed as a method for doing things that seeks the creation of group action, work process analysis and involves examining work management methods. It relies on promotion of health, which implies the production of subjects. The promotion of health is a networking process that involves individuals, work processes, knowledge and power. The challenge of supporting this network is to foster the exercise of the role of individuals and summon the inherent creative potential of life for the construction of new ways of work management that are not new forms of subjection. The study aims to show that by means of institutional support it is possible to bring to the fore the forces involved in the promotion of health and thereby summon the groups for an analysis of its implications. The effects produced indicate that this is a powerful strategy for the intervention of work processes within the scope of public health policies.

Gestão do desempenho humano: um estudo de caso em um Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (CE) / Administration of the human acting: a case study in a General Hospital of Fortaleza, Ceará State

A temática deste trabalho apresenta questões sobre a prática da avaliação de desempenho funcional em uma organização pública de saúde. Este eixo de análise ganha destaque a partir das dificuldades de desenvolvimento de sistemas de avaliação com alianças entre políticas de concessão de incentivos financeiros, em um contexto cultural peculiar. Nesse sentido, é necessário admitir os limites dessa ferramenta gerencial. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado de perguntas aplicado aos servidores de um hospital geral público do Estado do Ceará. Obteve-se a caracterização do sistema de avaliação de desempenho utilizado pela instituição, podendo-se verificar sua adequação aos modelos propostos na literatura e a pertinência de seus propósitos com as percepções e expectativas dos servidores pesquisados.

The thematic of this work presents questions on the practice of the Evaluation of functional performance in an organization of public health. This axle of analysis gains importance from the difficulties of developing evaluation systems with alliances between policies of concession of financial incentives, in a specific cultural context. In this direction, it is necessary to admit the limits of this management tool. From a qualitative research, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to the staff (public servers) of a public general hospital of Ceará State. It was observed the characterization of the performance evaluation system used in the institution, being able to verify its adequacy to the models proposed in the literature and the relevancy of its intentions with the perceptions and expectations of the searched servers.

Hospital care: assessment of users' satisfaction during hospital stay / Atención hospitalaria: evaluación de la satisfacción de los pacientes durante su período de internación / Assistência hospitalar: avaliação da satisfação dos usuários durante seu período de internação

Health care teams have followed the National Health System's (SUS) principles to ensure quality improvement in healthcare, and patient satisfaction is one of the instruments used to evaluate quality. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction regarding the assistance to their needs during hospitalization, in a general hospital of a city in the interior of São Paulo. Data were collected through participant observation and use of focal group techniques in this qualitative research. A theme guide was used and a total of 20 subjects participated in the study. Data were analyzed through content analysis and interpreted through triangulation. Study results demonstrate that patients were satisfied with the care rendered. However, the researcher concluded that the institution's work organization is not directed to the attainment of quality.

El equipo de salud ha tomado como base los principios del SUS para asegurar la calidad de la atención. La satisfacción de los pacientes ha sido utilizada como uno de los instrumentos de evaluación. Este estudio busca evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes con la atención de sus necesidades durante la internación, en un hospital general del interior de Sao Paulo. Se adoptó como metodología la investigación cualitativa y, como técnica de recolecta de datos, la observación participante y el grupo focal. Se utilizó un guía de temas y participaron en la investigación doce sujetos. El análisis de los datos se basó en el análisis de contenido. Para la interpretación se utilizó la técnica de triangulación. Los resultados demostraron que los pacientes se sintieron satisfechos con la atención. No obstante, la investigadora concluyó que la forma de organización del trabajo de la institución no evidencia una preocupación por la calidad de la atención.

A equipe de saúde tem se baseado nos princípios do SUS para assegurar a melhoria do atendimento dos serviços de saúde e a satisfação dos usuários e tem sido utilizada como um dos instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a satisfação dos usuários com o atendimento de suas necessidades durante a internação, num hospital geral do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Adotou-se, como metodologia, a pesquisa qualitativa e, como técnica de coleta de dados, a observação participante e o grupo focal. Foi utilizado um guia de temas e participaram da pesquisa doze sujeitos. Realizou-se a análise de conteúdo dos dados e, para a interpretação, utilizou-se a técnica de triangulação. Os resultados demonstraram que os usuários ficaram satisfeitos com o atendimento. Entretanto, a pesquisadora concluiu que a organização do trabalho da instituição não tem como meta o alcance da qualidade.

study of nosocomial infection in a general hospital

The present study was conducted in Hail General Hospital, in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, over six months period starting from December 1994. All notified cases of nosocomial infections were taken into consideration. Cases who satisfied the definition and criteria of nosocomial. infection were included in the study [n = 105]. Data were abstracted from the special routine monthly reports to the General Directorate of Health Affairs. The results of the present study revealed that invasive procedures were conducted for the majority of cases [81.9%]. The most common site of infection was urinary tract [36.6%], followed by respiratory and wound infection [23.8% and 22.8% respectively] while other sites accounted for the remaining part of the sample [16.8%]. Out of the culture positive cases [n = 101] gram negative bacteria represented 85.15% of cases where the most common ones were Klebsiella pneumonia and pseudomonas. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant linear association between invasive procedures and age [Mantel Hanszel test = 17.37]. Moreover, invasive procedures were found to be significantly related to the occurrence of gram negative infection [X[2] = 4.77]. Multiple regression analysis, for factors affecting length of hospital stay, showed that age and presence of host factors lowering host resistance had significant effect in prolonging the duration of stay among cases